Sphincter Surgery

Sphincter surgery, typically referred to as anal sphincter surgery or anal sphincteroplasty, is a procedure performed to repair or reconstruct the muscles of the anal sphincter. The anal sphincter is a group of muscles that control the opening and closing of the anus, facilitating bowel movements and maintaining continence.

Symptoms of Sphincter Surgery

• Fecal Incontinence: Inability to control bowel movements, leading to involuntary leakage of feces.
• Anal Pain or Discomfort: Chronic pain or discomfort in the anal region, especially during bowel movements.
• Difficulty Controlling Gas: Inability to control the passage of gas, leading to embarrassing situations.
• Incomplete Emptying of Bowels: Difficulty completely evacuating the bowels during bowel movements.
• Constipation or Diarrhea: Alterations in bowel habits, which may accompany sphincter dysfunction.

Diagnosis

• Physical Examination: The doctor may perform a physical examination of the anal region to assess sphincter tone and integrity.
• Anorectal Manometry: This test measures the pressure within the anal canal and helps evaluate sphincter function.
• Anal Electromyography (EMG): EMG assesses the electrical activity of the anal sphincter muscles, aiding in diagnosing muscle damage or dysfunction.
• Defecography: A specialized X-ray examination that evaluates the anatomy and function of the rectum and anal canal during defecation.
• Endoanal Ultrasound: This imaging technique helps visualize the internal structures of the anal canal and assess sphincter integrity.

Treatment

The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the severity of symptoms, underlying causes, and individual patient preferences.

1. Conservative Measures: Depending on the severity of symptoms, conservative treatments such as dietary modifications, pelvic floor exercises, and medications may be attempted initially.
2. Sphincter Repair Surgery: In cases where conservative measures are ineffective, sphincteroplasty may be recommended. During this procedure, the damaged or weakened muscles of the anal sphincter are repaired or reconstructed.
3. Keyhole Surgery (Laparoscopic or Robotic): Keyhole surgery offers benefits such as reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery.
4. Biofeedback Therapy: This specialized therapy helps train the pelvic floor muscles to improve bowel control and sphincter function.
5. Sacral Nerve Stimulation: In cases of severe fecal incontinence, sacral nerve stimulation may be considered. This involves implanting a device that stimulates the nerves controlling bowel function, helping to improve continence.

If you are experiencing symptoms of sphincter dysfunction, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.